knowledge about Solar Power and advantages of using natural energy The WritePass Journal

information about Solar Power and focal points of utilizing common vitality Dynamic information about Solar Power and focal points of utilizing common vitality AbstractAims and objectivesIntroductionHistory of Solar PowerTypes of Solar PowerSolar thermal:Solar electricity:Advantages of Solar Power:Future of Solar Power: Conclusions:References:Related Dynamic This report is about Solar Power. Peruser would be keen on perusing this report since these days common vitality is significant and its’ significance expands each day. In report are incorporated points of interest, types, future and history of sun based force. Too peruser will discover data about how sun powered warm force functions and what is the capacity of the photovoltaic boards. Additionally there is a correlation between Solar Power and different kinds of intensity sources. That will assist you with understanding significance of common energy.â These days Solar Power isn't as well known, as it will be later on, on the grounds that establishment of frameworks to get vitality from sun costs a great deal. These variables are additionally presented in this work, to appear, that individuals must give more consideration on regular vitality, to lessen cost and take all focal points of it. Points and targets This venture was intended to produce information about Solar Power and to learn points of interest of utilizing regular vitality. The goal is to disclose individuals how to familiarize peruser with sun based force utilizing models and fascinating realities.  Presentation For a great many years, individuals have been utilizing sun for basic needs, for example, drying garments and developing food. In any case, just not as much as age back, individuals have had the option to utilize it for producing power. Greater part of individuals are utilized to utilize petroleum derivatives and are not keen on utilizing new wellsprings of vitality. In any case, they would change their suppositions and their propensities after they got familiar with harm made by petroleum products and all the advantages of normal materials.  History of Solar Power Numerous buyers imagines that sun based force is a moderately new force source however that is false. The sun has been known to be a wellspring of vitality going back to antiquated occasions. The antiquated Greek were the first to utilize sun oriented capacity to their advantage, as they incorporated their homes with the side of slopes to exploit the warmth stockpiling from the sun during the day that would then be discharged during the night. The old Romans were the main individuals to utilize glass windows to take the glow of the sun in their homes. They were so genuine about the protection of this sun oriented vitality that they raised glass houses to make the correct conditions to develop plants and seeds. While individuals were profiting by sun oriented force, the primary sunlight based authority was fabricated uniquely in 1776. The gatherer was worked by a man of honor called Horace de Saussare. This development pulled in much enthusiasm for mainstream researchers through the nineteenth century. In light of a legitimate concern for utilizing sunlight based force, Auguste Mouchout made a steam motor that was fueled uniquely by sun oriented vitality in 1861. This was an energizing occasion, however the development was over the top expensive and it couldn't be replicated or even kept up so the steam motor was immediately overlooked. It was during the later 50% of the 1950’s that sun powered force saw its first standard use. The primary sun based water warmed place of business was worked during this time by a planner named Frank Bridgers. A brief timeframe later a little satellite of the US Vanguard was controlled by a sun oriented cell of short of what one watt. After such huge walks in the 1950’s, the sun oriented force truly took off,  because of modest oil costs in the 1960’s, it was progressively moderate for individuals to control their homes with oil than it was to control their homes or workplaces with sunlight based vitality. There was a resurrection of the sun based force in the 1970’s with the consistently expanded oil costs; in truth the US Department of Energy financed the Federal Photovoltaic Utilization Program. This program was answerable for the establishment and testing of more than 3,000 photovoltaic frameworks. The 1990’s brought a considerably more standard enthusiasm for sunlight based force. Sun oriented force was viewed as an extraordinary choice to oil and oil based commodities. During the 1990’s more than one million homes had some type of sunlight based force introduced. Today, sunlight based vitality is one of the most helpful and normally utilized wellspring of vitality everywhere throughout the world. Kinds of Solar Power Sunlight based warm: Sun based warm force is the way toward taking warmth from the sun to produce energy. This kind of sun based warm force is normally introduced in homes to decrease the expense of warming and cooling the dwelling.  In numerous cases sunlight based warm force is utilized to control the high temp water framework in a home. Sun oriented warm force can be utilized in a uninvolved or dynamic mode.  A detached kind of sunlight based warm framework will utilize the convection to circle the water where the dynamic water warmer uses a siphon to course the water.  Solar warm force is additionally used to control turbines and even some hardware. Sun oriented power: Sun oriented boards and are utilized to change over daylight into power; this is presumably the most regularly observed kind of sun powered power.  This power can be utilized to control a wide range of things in a home, for example, appliances. This transformation of daylight into power is done through the photovoltaic boards. Points of interest of Solar Power: The most clear preferred position is that sun based force is an inexhaustible asset. The sun is accessible the world over and despite the fact that it might go behind mists and it might go down around evening time, the sun is as yet accessible reliably enough to give the force we need. Truth be told, the sun gives more vitality than the entire world at present employments! Another wonderful advantage of utilizing sun oriented force is that it doesn’t dirty nature in which we live. Sun powered force isn't related with poisons or nursery gasses like different types of intensity are. Sunlight based force is the main sort of intensity that isn't unsafe to nature. A stunning thing about sunlight based force is that it is free. You don’t need to pay for the sun. In the event that you essentially utilize sun oriented boards or lights you don’t need to pay to run them. You do need to pay for the establishment, yet once this is done you get the force for nothing. What's more, sun based cells don’t require the upkeep and they can last an actual existence time so there is moderately little cost related with sun powered force. Another frequently ignored bit of leeway of sun powered force is that it is a quiet sort power. There is no compelling reason to utilize overwhelming hardware, similar to the situation when boring for oil; the sun oriented force just depends on the sun, which is quiet. While a great many people don’t consider commotion, when there is a nonattendance of it abruptly we understand how uproarious vitality creation at present is. Eventual fate of Solar Power: Sunlight based vitality has been utilized in some structure or another since antiquated occasions however the sun powered vitality future stays all the way open. The explanation behind this is there are such a large number of factors related with how standard sunlight based vitality use becomes.â The greatest main factor of sun based vitality later on is its expense. Current pundits of sunlight based vitality express that general coal and other petroleum products are simply considerably more reasonable, however while non-renewable energy sources might be progressively prudent for the time being, the harm on the earth must be thought of!!! Luckily, the expense of sunlight based force is descending, which implies that the eventual fate of sun based force is solid. How rapidly sunlight based force is the standard not the exemption truly has to do with cost. The more that the administration pushes shoppers toward a fossil free future, the more consideration sun oriented force will get and the more endeavors will be made to decrease the expense and increment the creation of sun powered force.  Ends: Taking everything into account, the upsides of sun based force are tremendous and extensive. In addition to the fact that this types of intensity advantage the individual and their home, it benefits the condition that we as a whole live in. Sunlight based force couldn't just make vitality costs plunge for everyone, it could make the earth a superior spot to be over the long haul. References: Miss K. L. Barraclough â€Å"A manual for report composing for first year†, School of building, structure and innovation, The University of Bradford. Mrs Elizabeth Gadd â€Å"An model report† Loughborough University Library, November 2008. darvill.clara.net/altenerg/solar.htm Perlin, John (1999). From Space to Earth (The Story of Solar Electricity). Harvard University Press Halacy, Daniel (1973). The Coming Age of Solar Energy. Harper and Row. Mazria, Edward (1979). The Passive Solar Energy Book. Rondale Press Bolton, James (1977). Sun oriented Power and Fuels. Scholastic Press

The marketing strategies of Heinz Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The advertising techniques of Heinz - Assignment Example This report is intended to have a knowledge about an association that is going to lead some statistical surveying into buyer purchasing propensities for the items and administrations that this organization has available to be purchased. In addition, this exploration will address the obstructions in the method of the activities of Heinz and their rivals so as to explain the present and future market remaining of the organization. Henry John Heinz, the originator of this organization said that he gained from his parents’ thought of business which was, â€Å"Deal with the dealer so evenhandedly that he will need to offer to you again.† He put stock in reasonable play in the business and this nature of him had made him a fruitful businessperson. He established Heinz just about 150 years prior. Heinz was shaped in Sharpsburg (a suburb of Pittsburgh), Pennsylvania, in 1869 by business person Henry John Heinz. Right up 'til today the organization has become a worldwide busines s vendor in the purchaser food industry. Heinz is a $10.7 billion worldwide organization. The results of Heinz appreciate #1 or #2 piece of the overall industry in excess of 50 nations. Consistently the organization sells 650 million jugs of its notable Ketchup. Heinz's best 15 force brands are considered more than 66% of its yearly deals. There are around 35000 individuals that are utilized by Heinz in just about 50 nations around the world. Heinz is an at risk corporate resident committed to safe practices, natural stewardship and offering back to the general public. The essential assignment required in this report is to locate the suitable research technique and diagrams its benefits and de-merits. Further it is required to break down the examination by legitimate testing strategy for aggregating considerable and genuine outcomes. 4 External or in-house look into

Motivation Tips for Students

We all know there are things we should do, are supposed to do, must do – it’s for our own good. It’s silly to put it off. Yet we procrastinate, we find excuses not to do what we must, we, in general, don’t give the job our best. We understand our motivation logically but don’t feel it emotionally. However, motivation isn’t something that comes and goes of its own volition – if you are willing to, you may influence it, using the right motivation tips. 1. Determine a Single Goal People who achieve the greatest success are those who choose one goal and pursue it with everything they’ve got. Often they manage to bring their scheme to fruition out of sheer bloody-mindedness and inability to accept failure. On the contrary, those who try to do a dozen unrelated projects simultaneously usually go on doing it for years, without any seeming result. So decide what your primary goal is, throw away everything secondary – and soldier on! 2.  Tell Someone about Your Goal Preferably – to someone whose opinion you respect. Ideally – with a deadline attached. If you are the only one who knows about your goal, you may go around it in circles for years. If you tell somebody whom you want to think highly of you, you will try, out of necessity, to do what you’ve promised. Better yet, put some money at stake: write a contract according to which you have to do something by a certain date, and if you don’t you will have to give some money to the friend in question, or donate it to charity. 3.  Dedicate Time to Self-Development Set aside at least an hour a day to self-development: read instructive books, listen to inspiring audios, look for other ways to improve yourself. It is not much – you probably spend more time watching TV; and you can easily use your trips to work and back home for this purpose. 4.  Do One Thing at a Time Setting a particular goal is important long-term decision; but you shouldn’t scatter your attention among numerous things even within a single activity. Take a job, see it to an end, move over to something else. Normally we are too ready to leave one job unfinished to take up another, saying to ourselves that we will return to it later – and all too often they end up lying around for years. 5.  Start Really, Really Small Self-help gurus are all too ready to encourage you to think big, not to be afraid to challenge your limits and so on. Unfortunately, most people are too used to surrender after experiencing a single setback. Thus, if you start something new, you should better start small. If, for example, you want to exercise, begin with 5 minutes of exercise every day – it isn’t something to   fail at. Stick with it for some time, then increase your dosage – then rinse and repeat until you achieve your goal. Some of these tips may look silly or too convoluted – but try them out and you will see that they work.

Liquidating companies - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 13 Words: 4032 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? It is best if insolvent companies are liquidated as soon as possible and creditors paid out. Doing anything else with such companies is just not efficient. Introduction From the sole perspective of a corporate creditor, the logic inherent in the title question is impeccable. The orderly breakup or winding up of a corporation that permits creditors to realize on their debts within a reasonable period, whether achieved by voluntary or compulsory means, is a central element in a properly constituted insolvency regime. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Liquidating companies" essay for you Create order However, the title proposition is only a single element in any consideration of the forces at play in a corporate insolvency. Not only does insolvency typically engage issues amongst creditors in terms of both quantum and priority, a profound public interest is present in many corporate insolvency proceedings that drives the agenda concerning the preservation or reorganization of an insolvent corporation. The satisfaction of these legitimate interests often requires time and effort that is at odds with the simple and expeditious pay out of debts. The current global financial crisis and its incipient threat posed to numerous UK and international corporate entities provide a contemporary illustration of the numerous potential public interest dimensions to the title question. This paper seeks to identify the principles that operate in this sphere. Particular attention is directed to the scope and application of the pari passu principles and their impact upon the desired efficiency in insolvency proceedings contemplated in the title statement. The factors that provide support for the stated object of procedural efficiency and those that militate against it are examined and contrasted. Practical examples are applied to the analytical framework to support the conclusion that insolvency issues cannot be resolved entirely in the unilateral fashion contended in the title. Insolvency à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" first principles The broad definition of insolvency is a straightforward proposition. Insolvency is the inability to meet a debt or other financial obligation, either by virtue of insufficient cash flow, or where the total liabilities exceed the value of the assets available to meet them.[1]At this early stage of the analysis, it is important to ensure that this general insolvency definition is understood from two critical philosophical perspectives. The first is that insolvency as an outcome of debt is a part of the triad of interests that drives all corpor ate and commercial activity, that of debtor / creditor / society at large. Described variously in the academic literature as a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“compactà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  of interests that is essential to an effective marketplace[2], broadly stated the extension of credit to corporations is an essential feature of virtually every corporate existence that serves to benefit society as a whole[3]. This benefit derived from the ability of corporations to obtain ready access to credit to facilitate business and to generate both employment and trade, there will necessarily be risk of failure by such firms that utilise credit[4]. The Cork Committee in 1982 identified a number of factors that continue to operate below the surface of every insolvency consideration; these factors continue to be relevant and must be borne in mind as the present analysis moves forward, including[5]: The ability to diagnose corporate financial problems at an early stage Prevention of conflict amongst creditor claims Preservation of corporate assets Reduction of delay in insolvency proceedings Recognition of the broader societal interests; preservation of some corporations is vital to national interests This bare schematic review of the relationship of creditorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ interests to the entire insolvency picture reveals the operation of other interests that are not necessarily consistent with the efficient resolution of debtor claims. The precise determinations of the various forces that may compel insolvency are beyond the scope of this paper. It is important to appreciate however that the broader economic influences that may impair the finances or creditworthiness of any corporate venture include such macroeconomic factors as interest rates; economic recession or contraction; government policy[6]. Individual enterprises may be susceptible to internal inefficiencies and poor planning, especially with respect to cash flow and the orderly meeting of their obligations[7]. Armour notes that there is also an important societal interest in the encouragement of innovation that must be driven by the availability of venture capital that is more likely to be exposed to a corpo rate default that ultimately leads to insolvency.[8] As UK business becomes ever-increasingly integrated into a globalised financial environment, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ one of the most important determinants of (success will be) venture capital investmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ .[9] Entrepreneurship as an outcome of a robust and vigorous economy may only be fostered through access to capital.[10]In this sense, the encouragement of risk is the recognition that there will inevitably be failures in the pursuit of innovation and corporate success. Legislative framework Given the philosophical underpinning that is suggested as the primary issue to be extracted from the title question and subjected to examination, this paper does not provide an in-depth review of the relevant UK and European statutory frameworks or the procedural rules within which insolvency matters are conducted, except as is necessary to ensure how the question of efficiency is defined or otherwise encouraged wit hin the legislative frameworks. The UK Insolvency Act provides two separate mechanisms for the winding up of corporations, voluntary and compulsory. A voluntary winding up pursuant to s.84 of the Act provides two mechanisms for the passing of special and extraordinary resolutions for winding up; a compulsory winding up and the supervision of the process by means of liquidator appointment and court supervision is also mandated.[11] The legislation also provides for the conversion of a voluntary winding up into a compulsory proceeding, especially where the orderly dissolution of the subject company is questioned.[12] Where there is evidence of sharp practice or concerns that preference is improperly being extended to one creditor over another, the power of independent investigation and greater transparency of a court supervised proceeding is preferable.[13] The preservation of the principles of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“fairness and commercial moralityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  through a compulsory cou rt order will usually involve a delay and additional expense to the debtor / litigants that is contrary to the sentiments underlying the title question.[14] The appropriate EC regulation is not intended to harmonise insolvency practices in the European Union. The regulation is a recognition that all member nations will continue to employ their own insolvency practices. The regulation has been described as being amenable to a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“purposive and liberal interpretationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ .[15]It is not a device primarily directed at how the quantum or extent of corporate debts are resolved; the regulation is instead à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ a piece of subordinate Community legislation which forms part of English Law. It was introduced in order to lay down mandatory rules for choice of law, jurisdiction, recognition, enforcement and co-operation applicable to cross-border insolvencies within the European Union.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [16] Certain industries are also subject to specific statutor y regimes to govern insolvency; the UK insurance industry is a notable example.[17] It is contended that the most important consideration to be taken from the applicable legislation in the present context is that it collectively reflects a broader philosophical stance than the simple orderly and expeditious settling of all corporate debts in insolvency proceedings. As with the analysis of the pari passu principle set out below, insolvency legislation represents two different sets of intersections between legal theory and pragmatic action. Carruthers described the first as the meeting of the law, organizations, and professional interests associated with insolvency matters à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" the essential à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“industriesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  that propel insolvency proceedings forward.[18]The elevation of bankruptcy or its threatened occurrence has been a constant feature in the daily business news so as to heighten their appreciation as a corporate survival tactic, as opposed to a natural and sometimes unavoidable part of the business cycle.[19] The legislative framework also represents an appreciation that insolvency is an intersection of the variety of contractual relationships that exist both within and beyond the corporate structure.[20] The satisfaction of debt claims must occur against a backdrop of these various interests. The inter-relationship between public policy and insolvency proceedings Public policy considerations in the larger question of insolvency proceedings will include the proper treatment of creditors. The term à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"stakeholderà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ is often applied in any assessment of multiple interests potentially at play in a given analysis; in many insolvency proceedings the stakeholders with legitimate interests in the outcome of a winding up, either voluntary or compulsory, will extend far beyond the boundaries established by the number of entities that extended credit to an enterprise. In all corporate insolve ncies, there will some consideration given to the impact that the prospective winding up will have upon the employees of the company and its relative importance to the economy of a region or nation as a whole. These are transcendent questions that taken alone might trump a creditorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s interest in the expeditious resolution of its debts. Employment and job security are dormant but ever present insolvency issues that become activated when a company strikes the financial reef that is its inability to meet its obligations.[21]There are a multitude of examples from UK and international insolvency case law that stand for the proposition that in some circumstances, the orderly and expeditious resolution of creditor claims will be secondary to the national interests perceived to be at issue when major employers or key members of an industry sector face insolvency.[22]The extended public debate concerning the fate of British Rover MG and how the UK government might have in tervened to assist the auto manufacturer is an example of how a larger public interest can dominate an insolvency question.[23] From the perspective of organised labour, and apart from the issues of how debts ought to be satisfied in insolvency proceedings, there are often significant questions raised by employees as to how a company can be maintained as a going concern to preserve both their ongoing employment and future pension and other health benefit interests. Strategies such as employee buyouts, either initiated by the employees alone or facilitated by the extension of public funds are a solution to insolvency that does not necessarily advance the immediate interests of a corporate creditor in their debt and its optimal satisfaction.[24] The pari passu principle and its relationship to efficient insolvency proceedings The pari passu principle is well entrenched in UK insolvency proceedings, to the extent that it is routinely described in the case law as the foundation of insolvency law[25]. From the 1978 House of Lords decision in British Eagle[26], its primacy as a governing doctrine and its true utility as a device for the proper resolution of insolvency claims has been endorsed in various proceedings and challenged by numerous academics and it has served as the subject of significant commentary[27]. Pari passu is the expression applied to any circumstance where debts or other types of obligations attract equal rights of payment. The expression is also used to describe clauses contained in various instruments to provide for rate able treatment of particular debts. Expressed another way, the pari passu principle requires that all creditors (in positions of relative equality as determined by pre-insolvency law) should be paid back the same proportion of their debt in their debtorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s liquidation.[28] As is discussed below, pari passu is a legal term of art whose true meaning and importance is not cast in stone but must be asses sed in the circumstances of individual cases. It is noted that the rule in British Eagle arose in circumstances where à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦a legitimate clearing house scheme, entered into for good business reasons was declared to be void as contrary to public policy in an insolvency situation, because it would, if effective, have deprived the general body of creditors of the insolvent company of assets which should have been available for distribution pari passu, whilst favouring a limited body of creditors within the clearing house schemeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ .[29] British Eagle as a proceeding that concerned a national UK airline carrier was a circumstance that engaged arguably broader public policy considerations that a conventional business insolvency. From a preliminary inspection, pari passu would seem to be in accord with the essence of the title question. The notion that creditors will be paid out in strict accordance with their status within the stru cture of the corporate indebtedness at the time that insolvency is determined has an inherent fairness. As this type of equality represents fairness, the argument is frequently advanced that the pari passu rule ensures all creditors are treated fairly. Some commentators have described the pari passu principle as the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“normal ruleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  of UK insolvency.[30]Goode describes the relationship between the equality of treatment underlying the principle and the desire for orderly insolvency proceedings as equivalent concepts.[31] One of the most articulate challenges to the pari passu convention as one of myth and not substantive legal doctrine is advanced by Mokal in his 2001 analysis[32]. Mokal founds the argument that pari passu is inoperative in most insolvency circumstances on a contention that there must exist in all cases of insolvency an inherent tension between the ability of parties to pursue freedom of contract and the limitations of the pari passu doct rine[33]. The imposition of pari passu serves to distort the priorities between debtors as only those in relative positions of equality in insolvency as treated pari passu.[34] The central distinction between pre-insolvency law (i.e. the contractual position of the parties) and insolvency law underscores this point. Prior to either a voluntary or compulsory winding up each creditor is free to pursue whatever enforcement measures are open to them. The rule is sometimes expressed as, in the absence of insolvency proceedings, is that the race goes to the swiftest Liquidation puts an end to the race.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [35] It is further contended that true rateability amongst corporate debtors can never be achieved due to the combined effect of contractual terms that may explicitly govern how debts are resolved and the welter of statutory exceptions to the pari passu principle. These exceptions include: The rights of set off at insolvency such as credits obtained pre-insolvency[36]; trade credit is estimated as twice as important as bank credit in the orderly flow of business[37] Claims arising after a winding up order is made (e.g. utility suppliers to a business); these are treated as an expense of the winding up proceeding and therefore will likely be afforded more favourable treatment than other corporate debts Pre-litigation creditors who can wield influence over the status of the insolvency proceedings, such as a landlord who possesses rights of distress[38] Preferred claims, such as VAT, customs and excise duties and obligations to employees by way of outstanding wages or holiday pay Deferred debts protected by statute (e.g. classes of shareholder claims) Solicitor and accounting fees[39] Liens on goods sold to the insolvent company The power of a court to vary the pari passu rule is undoubted: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Thus strict priorities and pari passu distribution may be varied by the court, for example, in sanctioning payment of a class of creditor in full under Schedule 4 para 1 Insolvency Act 1986, sanctioning a scheme or compromise to that effect under s. 167(1) and s.425 of the Companies Act 1985 and in a number of other varied circumstancesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [40] The conclusion to be drawn from the weight of the exceptions permitted the application of pari passu is that the conventional belief in the usefulness of the doctrine to promote fair and orderly insolvency proceedings is that this position is rendered paradoxical, as the treatment of preferred claims is both an exception to, and yet an application of the pari passu rule at the same time (emphasis added).[41]This paradox is borne out by empirical evidence of how debt claims are actually satisfied in a majority of UK insolvency proceedin gs. General unsecured creditors (the only category of claimant truly subject to the pari passu rule)[42]obtain an estimated zero returns in 88% of administrative receiverships, 75% of creditorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ voluntary liquidations, and 78% of compulsory liquidations. On average, such creditors only receive 7% of what they are owed in total.[43] As noted above, the circumstances of each insolvency must necessarily play a significant role as to the course of subsequent proceedings initiated or maintained by a debtor. The statistical data relied upon by Mozal suggests that most types of insolvency claims à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ either are or can be exempted from the application of the pari passu principleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , where it is very likely that in most if not all liquidations, hardly any claimants will be paid on a pari passu basisà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ .[44] This data also serves to undermine the contention that a pari passu distribution is the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ normal rule in a corporate insolvencyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ .[45] The difference highlighted here between the statement of the pari passu principle and the criticism leveled against it may be distilled to a single point. The rule does not speak so much to the distribution of assets in insolvency proceedings as it reinforces the different priorities of claims protected by the rule.[46] Even in those circumstances where unsecured claims other than preferential claims (created by either contract or statutory operation) form the bulk of the insolvency claims made, in most liquidations the available assets will not (and cannot) be distributed equally[47]. Where the pari passu rule is intended to govern distributions, the statistical data suggests that actual distribution in accordance with pari passu is almost never takes place.[48] The Insolvency Act provides that all unsecured or otherwise specially defined shall be paid pari passu, but this provision is triggered only after the windi ng up has commenced. The legislation does not encourage a Court to examine the past transactions of the company that relate to the debts owed and proceed to equalise the positions of all creditors. In such proceedings, the Court is compelled to take à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ them exactly as it finds themà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ .[49] Keay and Walton contend for a contrary position. They assert that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the underlying aim behind the use of the equality principle is to produce fairness, so that every creditor is treated in the same wayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ .[50] This argument advances the proposition that to abolish or restrict the operation of the pari passu principle would be to return to the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“mediaeval policyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  of allowing those with the greatest resources and access to legal remedies to deprive poorer and weaker creditors of anything in their debtorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s insolvency.[51]Finch describes the prospects of a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“c haotic raceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  where huge costs are expended in the competitive pursuit of remedies amongst creditors, where expert creditors have an insurmountable advantage over the nave or unsophisticated challenger.[52] Conclusion It is submitted that no sensible person can take issue with the proposition that the pursuit of justice is best undertaken in an orderly and cost effective fashion. The cases and the academic commentaries, when taken together, illustrate that equality of treatment exists in principle only. Pari passu principles have more to do with exceptions to equal treatment and the wholesale defeat of unsecured creditor interests by statutory and common law exceptions, than they do with the promotion of insolvency proceeding order and cost effectiveness. If the premise contained in the title question is to be regarded as a legitimate and overarching goal of insolvency proceedings, the pragmatic appeal of its sentiment to a corporate debtor must not be mask ed by the forest of exceptions apparent from the combined effect of its exceptions. Bibliography Table of Statutes Insolvency Act, 1986 Council Regulation (EC), 1346/2000 (in force May, 2002) Insurers (Reorganisation and Winding-up) Regulations 2004 SI 2004/353 Table of Cases Associated Travel Leisure Ltd, Re [1978] 2 AER 273 British Eagle International Ltd à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"v- Compagnie Nationale Air France [1978] 1 WLR 758 Gordon Beach Science [1995] BCC 261 HIH Casualty General Insurance Ltd Ors v McMahon Ors [2006] EWCA Civ 732 (09 June 2006) Toshuku Finance UK plc, Re [2002] 1 WLR 671 National Westminster Bank Ltd. v Halesowen Presswork and Assemblies Ltd. [1972] A.C. 785 (HL) North Atlantic Insurance Co Ltd. v Nationwide General Insurance Co Ltd. Ors [2003] EWHC 449 (Comm) (13 March 2003) Re Tain Construction [2005] BCC 88 Re Zirceman [2000] BCC 1048 Syska v Vivendi Univ ersal SA Ors [2008] EWHC 2155 (Comm) (02 October 2008) Table of Authorities Armour, John (2008) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Financing Innovation: The Role of Insolvency Lawà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ https://www.law.yale.edu/documents/pdf/armour.pdf (Accessed November 12, 2008) Armour, John, Simon Deakin and Suzanne J. Konzelmann (2003) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Beyond shareholder primacy? Reflections on the trajectory of UK corporate governanceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ British Journal of Industrial Relations 41(3) 531-555 Charitou, Andreas, Evi Neophytou and Chris Charalambous (2004) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Predicting Corporate Failure: Empirical Evidence for the UKà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ European Accounting Association at https://www.pba.ucy.ac.cy/courses/2004_EAR_publications_final_published_REAR1001111.pdf (Accessed November 12, 2008) Carruthers, Bruce and Terence Halliday (1998) Rescuing Business: The Making of Corporate Bankruptcy Law in England and the United States (Oxford: OUP) Cork Committee (Review Committ ee on Insolvency Law and Practice) Finch, Vanessa (2002) Corporate Insolvency Law: Perspectives and Principles (Cambridge: CUP) Finch, Vanessa à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Security, insolvency and riskà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (1999) 62 M.L.R. 633, 634 Fletcher, I.F (2006) The Law of Insolvency (4th Ed.) Goode, R.M. (2005) Principles of Corporate Insolvency Law (London: Sweet Maxwell) Keay, Andrew and Peter Walton (2003) Insolvency Law: Corporate and Personal (2nd ed.) (UK: Jordan) Hansard, (2004) Select Committee on Trade industry (Minutes of evidence), Q260-276 Ho, Look Chan (2005) Pari Passu Distribution and Post-Petition Disposition: A rationalization of Re Tain Construction Social Science Research Network at https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=852804 (Accessed November 14, 2008) Jensen, Anthony (2006) Insolvency, Employee Rights Employee Buyouts: A Strategy for Restructuring (Ithaca Consulting) at https://www.efesonline.org/LIBRARY/2006/Insolvency, Employee Rights Employee Buyouts.pdf (Accessed November 15, 2008) Kaufman, Aaron M. (2007) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The European Union Goes Comi-Tose: Hazards of Harmonizing Corporate Insolvency Laws in the Global Economyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Houston Journal of International Law, 29, 3: 625 Keay, Andrew and Peter Walton (2003) Insolvency: Corporate and Personal (UK: Longman) Loose, P. and Michael Griffiths (2005) Loose on Liquidators: The role of a liquidator in a voluntary winding up (UK: Jordan) Milman D. and Charles Durrant (1999) Corporate Insolvency: law and practice (2nd Ed.) (London: Sweet Maxwell) Mokal, Rizwaan Jameel (2001) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Priority as Pathology: The Pari Passu Mythà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ [2001] Cambridge Law Journal 581-621 (November), also at https://law.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6417context=expresso (Accessed November 13, 2008) Pennington, Robert (1997) Penningtonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Corporate Insolvency Law (2nd ed.) Tolmie, Fiona (2003) Corporate a nd Personal Insolvency Law (London: Routledge) 1 Footnotes [1] Tolmie (2003) 2, 3 [2] Ibid, 4 [3] Finch (2002), 4; see also Armour (2008) 2, 5 [4] à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Credità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ is this context may be bank, private equity or trade credit [5] Summary of 1982 Cork Committee (Review Committee on Insolvency Law and Practice); see also Finch (2002), 25, 26; Tolmie (2003), 5 [6] Charitou (2004), 4 [7] ibid [8] Armour (2008), 5 [9]Ibid, 4 [10] Ibid, 6 [11] Insolvency Act, ss.84, 86 [12] See e.g. Gordon Beach Science [1995] BCC 261 [13] Loose Griffiths (2005), 21 [14] Ibid, 22; see also Re Zirceman [2000] BCC 1048 regarding the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"compelling reasonsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ necessary to overcome the majority of creditors by value to obtain such an order [15] Ibid; see also Kaufman (2007), 625, and the analysis of the Parmalat proceedings in Italy and Ireland in 2003 and subsequent proceedings before the European Court of Justice [16] Syska v Vivendi Universal SA Ors [2008] EWHC 2155 (Com m) (02 October 2008), para 10 [17] Insurers (Reorganisation and Winding-up) Regulations 2004 SI 2004/353 is an example [18] Carruthers (1998), 6 [19] Ibid [20] Ibid, 7 [21] Armour, Deakin Konzelmann (2003), s.3.1, p.9 [22] British Coal and British Rail are notable UK examples from the later 20th century; the recent developments in a variety of national sectors in terms of the contemplated à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“bail outsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , such as the North American automotive industry, is another [23] Hansard, (2004) Select Committee on Trade industry (Minutes of Evidence), Q260-276; [24] Jensen, Anthony (2006) Insolvency, Employee Rights Employee Buyouts: A Strategy for Restructuring, 6,7; this particular document is written from a pro-labour perspective, but it effectively identifies the public issue at play [25] Re Tain [26] British Eagle International Ltd à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"v- Compagnie Nationale Air France [1978] 1 WLR 758 [27] See Finch (2002), c.13 [28] Mokal, (2001), 25 [29] As the rule was stated and applied in North Atlantic Insurance, n40 [30] Finch, ibid [31] Goode (2005) [32] Mokal, Rizwaan Jameel (2001) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Priority as Pathology: The Pari Passu Mythà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ [2001] Cambridge Law Journal 581-621 [33] Ibid, 583 [34] Ibid, 585 [35] Goode, ibid, 142; Mokal, 13 [36] See also National Westminster Bank Ltd. v Halesowen Presswork and Assemblies Ltd. [1972] A.C. 785 (HL), where the Court held that the administration of insolvent estates embodies important elements of public policy, and since the rights of insolvency set-off form part of that regime, the creditor given such set-off rights cannot contract out of them [37] Armour, ibid [38] Re Toshuku Finance UK plc [2002] 1 WLR 671 [39] Re Associated Travel Leisure Ltd [1978] 2 AER 273 [40] HIH Casualty General Insurance Ltd Ors v McMahon Ors [2006] EWCA Civ 732, para 26, 51 [41] Mokal, 7 [42] Ibid, 13 [43] ibid [44] Ibid, 25 [45] See also North Atlantic Insurance Co Ltd. v Nationwide General Insurance Co Ltd. Ors [2003] EWHC 449, para 26 [46] ibid [47] Mokal, 585 [48] Ibid, 600 [49] Mozak, ibid; see also Carruthers, 8 [50] Keay Walton (2003) [51] Finch, ibid, c.13 [52] Finch (2003), 25

History And History Of Math - 1430 Words

History of Math in Egypt Did you know that Egyptian hieroglyphs used over 700 different picture symbols? Those symbols were used for various things including recording official texts. Every symbol meant a different thing and only scribes could write hieroglyphs since most Egyptians were illiterate. The Egyptians used hieroglyphs in math by having symbols for numbers. Examples of this would include having a coil of rope for a hundred and a lotus plant for a thousand. The Egyptians knew various types of math including quadratic and linear equations, multiplication and division as well as being able to measure area, volume, distance, length, and weight. This applies to modern math because in today’s math we use skills such as quadratic and†¦show more content†¦The Egyptians used base ten, and could measure volume, length, distance, and weight (Lesko 135-44). The first well-known mathematical papyrus is the Rhind Papyrus. The scribe Ahmes wrote it around 1650 BC; it was later purchased and named after Alexander Henry Rhind (McIntyre, Leighton; The Editors of Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica). The Rhind Papyrus has 87 math problems; many of them using multiplication and division. For instance, the first six problems on the papyrus ask how to divide bread between ten men (McIntyre, Leighton). The second well-known papyrus is the Moscow Papyrus. The Moscow Papyrus was first owned by Vladmir Galenidenov and is now in the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts in Russia. It is 18 feet long and its width varies between 1  ½ to 3 inches wide. Twenty-five problems are written on the papyrus and these were translated by Egyptologist Vasily Vasilievich Struve. These problems use algebra as well as geometry (Gardener). The Egyptians used and created many forms of math that we still use today. Their advancements in both writing forms and mathematics help people today in more ways than they could have imagined. Also, numerous things were discovered when Jean Franà §ois Champollion in 1822 translated hieroglyphs for the first time (Lesko 135-44). Lastly, we no longer write in picture symbols that few people can decipher and still use a base-ten counting system. Math in Egypt and Today The EgyptiansShow MoreRelatedHistory And History Of Math1198 Words   |  5 PagesHistory of Math in Egypt We use math almost daily in our lives, but how many of us think about the history of math? Math began with early humans in the form of scratches and was carried into ancient Egypt and Greece (Mastin).Today, Egypt’s population is roughly 94 million (The World Factbook). However, back in 3000 BC, scholars estimate that between one to four million people lived in the Nile River Valley. The Egyptians called this region Kemet which translates to Black Land (O’Connor and Robertson;Read More The History of Math Essay4790 Words   |  20 PagesThe History of Math Mathematics, study of relationships among quantities, magnitudes, and properties and of logical operations by which unknown quantities, magnitudes, and properties may be deduced. In the past, mathematics was regarded as the science of quantity, whether of magnitudes, as in geometry, or of numbers, as in arithmetic, or of the generalization of these two fields, as in algebra. 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Math is used every single day, in every continent, every country, every state, and every city. It is the way we solve everyday problems. It is the way we calculate the distance from sun to earth, the way we determine amount of miles one drives from their home to work, the way we estimate our g rocery bill before approachingRead MoreAp Us History: After Math 1812 -Ghent Treaty1144 Words   |  5 Pagesthe farming population does not need be that numerous. Less people have to farm for the same result, meaning, that more people can move to the city and pursue something else than agriculture. Note: This paper was written for Advance Placement history it received an 8 of 10 on the AP scale the Letter grade was an ARead MoreThe Greek s Education System1173 Words   |  5 Pagessubjects similar to Classical Greek Literature, grammar, history, and religion. Since the majority of the teaching time allotted was for literature, it made a huge impact on the education system since it left such a minuscule amount of time to teach mathematics. Internally, one of the main reasons that math has survived in Greek education system was because of â€Å"its flourish during antiquity (Gagatsis, Demetriadou 106).† Meaning that math grew during a time period of greatness in Greece and thereforeRead MoreGraduation Speech : School, Middle School And High School870 Words   |  4 Pagescommon; they offer the same basic history, math, English, science, and social science course. By the time high school comes around students have already learned the same things again but only this tim e it is harder and more in depth. College becomes a time that a student really begins to learn about what they want to do with the rest of their lives. When applying to college, applicants don’t apply to learn math, English, history, and science. They apply to learn just math, English, Art, Business, BiologyRead MoreA Historical View of Egyptian’s Mathematics System800 Words   |  4 PagesMoua 1 Vee Moua Math 101-Term Paper Dr. Olimb A Historical View of Egyptian’s Mathematics System In historic times; math was well known for helping Egyptian people keep track of their property, money, taxes, livestock, land and sometimes people. Math did indeed help the Egyptian community and their king by building pyramids, tombs, art crafts, and using math to solve the flood on Nile Valley. Egypt was striving for a new era to come along with their mathematical achievement. As history has it, EgyptRead MoreThe Importance of Knowledge1241 Words   |  5 Pageswhy it is important to understand how one comes to learn or interpret knowledge as it may affect future knowledge in a certain field such as history or the natural sciences. 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Work in Sick Health at Work

Question: Discuss the Report for Work in Sick of Health at Work. Answer: Introduction There are many viruses present in the environment which affects the health of the people which also includes the employees. But due to the work load and impress the boss many employees decided to go to office even during the time of flu. But productivity during the time of sickness is very less and also there is a chance of contaminating other people with the sickness. But now a day employees and management are mostly preferring to be at home rather than going to office during the sickness. In this essay we are going to study about the management theories or concepts related to the productivity, how to manage the sick days during the leave of the employee and make it productive. It also discusses about the advantages and disadvantages of working during sick time. Theories And Concepts There are many theories and concepts regarding the productivity of the employees. One of those theories is the Classical Management Theory. According to this theory focuses on the productivity and efficiency of the employees, rather than focusing on the behaviour of the employees (Kitana., 2016: 16). This management is designed mostly to maintain and predict the behaviour prevailing in the organizations. This theory is a combination of three more theories (Quatro., 2004: 228-249): Taylors theory of scientific management. Fayols Administrative theory Webers theory of Bureaucracy This approach focuses on the customers and investors benefits. This approach helps in decision making and division of the employees according to their specialization in management so as to increase the efficiency of employees, expenses reduction as well as wellbeing of organization (Schlevogt., 2002). Out of all these there is a main setback of the theory. The theory of Classical Management does not focus on the wellbeing of the employees. It does not motivate the creativity of the employees, rather discourages the teamwork (Varma., 2011). To counterpart such disadvantages of the theory, there are some concepts which deal with the wellbeing and happiness of the employees along with the productivity. Some of them are: Motivational theory of Herzberg. McGregors XY Theory Maslows Hierarchy of Needs theory, Etc. Due to the series of developments of the national policy, the absence management for sickness changed in UK along with a benefit of fresh and motivated comeback. The most important part of these changes is the implementation of the Fit for Work service (Blok., 2012). The service is meant to manage the sickness absence at the work place and provides information and advice to the employers and employee about the work and health relation. To manage the sick absence in company, Government started an approach which is mostly based on the report of Carol Black and the responses of the Work and Pensions department (Black, and Frost., 2011). According to this approach, if an employee is meeting the duration of four weeks of leave, the management should refer it to the OH. The managers should be provided with trainings to implement policies about the sickness absence and to make the employees understand about the importance of their attendance. The company should implement some policies and make some contract with the employees regarding the sick leaves to be granted by the company and some exclusive policies regarding some of the exceptional cases which may require special medication and care to the employee. Precautions To Be Taken The management should take some precautions regarding the wellbeing of the staff members to help the affected person as well as to protect the healthy ones. Encourage Workers for Vaccination The management should encourage the employees to get vaccinated during the seasonal flu time or if any other contaminated virus is prevailing. Encourage to stay home The sick employees should be encouraged by the employers to stay at home rather coming to work. If employees are coming to work in sick then there is a fair chance to make others sick and additionally they will not help in the productivity of the company. According to the centre of disease control and prevention, the employees having fever and respiration problem should come to work after 24 hours of their fever ending (Eggert., 2015). The flexible leave policies should be implemented so as to help the employers to give leave according to that. Management should make the employees aware of all the important human resource policies, so as to help them during the sick time. Promotion of Hygiene There are many people who dont care about maintaining hygiene in the workplace. Hence the company should promote hygiene among the employees. It should post signs in the company to take care of the hand hygiene and cough etiquette. The workers, clients and visitors should get easy admittance to the hygienic supplies like: Hand wash and water Disposable towels, Cleaning materials, No touch wastebaskets Alcohol based hand rubs During cough the employees should cover the mouth, so that no other person will have the germs. Clean Workplace The workplace should be kept clean and proper use of cleaning agents and proper disposal of wastes should be done (Rennie., 1995: 75-79). Use of Technology There are some employees who are very much addicted to work. The company should provide such facilities of working from home. In this way the employees can also make their leave time fruitful. Advantages And Disadvantages There are many advantages and disadvantages of keeping the sick employees at home. They are: Advantages By keeping the sick employees at home, the company can increase its productivity. This can save other employees from getting sick. This will give the employees a break from work and get well soon. The employees will recover soon and can come to work early. Disadvantages Sick employee will make other employees sick. The working environment will feel uneasy due to the sickness. The employees will not be able to help in work rather it can do mistakes and can spoil the work. The customer service will decrease. The reputation of the employee as well as the employers will decrease. Conclusion From the above essay we can conclude that going work sick is of no use, rather it will strain the employee. So it is mostly recommended to the employer as well as the employee to be at home during the sick time. To support this even the Government has made so many policies and has started so many services. The companies should implement the policies in the company as well as take advantages of the services. For the employees who are workaholic, the management should give the facility of working from home by the use of technology. Hence going to work during the sick time is not wise. References Black, C.D. and Frost, D., 2011. Health at work-an independent review of sickness absence (Vol. 8205). The Stationery Office. Blok, W., 2012. Core social work: International theory, values and practice. Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Eggert, M., 2015. Absence Management Pocketbook. Management Pocketbooks. Kitana, A., 2016. OVERVIEW OF THE MANAGERIAL THOUGHTS AND THEORIES FROM THE HISTORY: CLASSICAL MANAGEMENT THEORY TO MODERN MANAGEMENT THEORY. Indian Journal of Management Science, 6(1), p.16. Quatro, S.A., 2004. New age or age old: Classical management theory and traditional organized religion as underpinnings of the contemporary organizational spirituality movement. Human Resource Development Review, 3(3), pp.228-249. Rennie, D.M., 1995. Health education models and food hygiene education. The Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health, 115(2), pp.75-79. Schlevogt, K.A., 2002. The art of Chinese management: Theory, evidence and applications. Oxford University Press. Varma, P., 2011. Being Indian: inside the real India. Random House.

Problems with Social Security

Table of Contents Introduction Problems with Social Security Aging Population Baby boomers Conclusion Works Cited Introduction Social security refers to an insurance scheme meant to cover people against social risks. It covers people confronted with conditions such as poverty, aging, disability and unemployment among others. This paper seeks to discuss the problems associated with social security. The paper will look into the major problems that that are affecting the social security scheme.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Problems with Social Security specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Problems with Social Security The basis of social security which requires finances for supporting the services that are supposed to be offered is also the source of problems for the scheme. The principle of social security fund as was established in the United States in the year 1936 was to offer an opportunity for individuals t o make savings through social security schemes and get back the contributions at a later time when the individuals are not able to work. The inability to work was initially identified as either due to old age after retirement or as a result of disability. In this approach, social security was a self funded scheme. This has been the assumed state of operation of social security though fears have been raised that there may be problems that threaten the sustainability of social security. Specific concerns have been made with experts estimating that the social security fund will be bankrupt in about three decade’s time (Parker 1). Aging Population One of the problems that are facing social security is the shortage of funds that is realized from the fact that the program is paying out more money than it is receiving. This means that the program is gradually reducing its capacity to shield the public from the conditions that the program was meant to protect them from. Though a tren d into this effect had been forecasted and was predicted to be realized at least in the next few decades the economic instability that was realized towards the year 2010 changed the conditions and shortage of funds is currently being realized in the program. The reduced liquidity of the program has been due to the fact that contributions have been to the decrease, a fact that has been realized due to aging population that is being realized in America as well as the increased level of unemployment that was realized along with the economic melt down of the year 2009. Consequently, increased number of people has been applying for benefits while contributions are decreasing (Parker 1). The number of elder people in America has also been growing and is still expected to grow. This population was realized to be about thirteen percent in the year 2009 and is expected to increase to almost twenty percent in the next two decades. This percentage increase will mean increased number of depende nts on the program and reduced number of contributors towards the same causing the problem of shortage of funds (AOA 1).Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Baby boomers Another problem that has been identified with the social security is the baby boomers factor. The baby boomers form the bulk of the American population and have been the main funders of the program. As they grow towards retirement age, the generation X which has fewer people will be the ones to finance the program for the boomers’ benefits. The higher number of the boomers will then explode the threat of shortage of funds (Socialsecurity 1). Conclusion The problems with social security is attached to its financial instability that it is likely to face as the trend shows that there is a likelihood of increased expenditure and decreased revenue. Aging population is the main factor to the problems. Works Cited A OA. Aging statistics. AOA, 2010. Web. Parker, Tim. Top three challenges facing social security. Financialedge, 2011. Web. Socialsecurity. Social security problems. Social Security Reform, n.d. Web. This essay on Problems with Social Security was written and submitted by user Presley Rivers to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.